Bridging Continents: Inbound Investment from Singapore to Australia

Singapore Inbound Investments Report
  • Report
  • 10 minute read
  • February 01, 2025

Over the past decade, the economic relationship between Singapore and Australia has flourished, marked by a significant influx of inbound investments from Singapore. This investment journey highlights the robust bilateral ties and mutual economic interests shared by the two nations, making it one of Australia’s most comprehensive relationships in Southeast Asia. Singapore's investments have been instrumental in driving growth and innovation across various sectors of the Australian economy, including Technology, Media and Telecom, industrial, retail and consumer, and healthcare. 

 

This report explores the multifaceted nature of these investments, emphasising their impact on different sectors of the Australian economy.

Singapore's Outbound Investment by Destination

  • In FY22, Mainland China emerged as the leading destination for Singaporean companies accounting for S$216 billion of the total overseas investments. This was followed by the Netherlands with S$119 billion investments and the UK with S$112 billion investments. Australia, however, ranked 8th with S$69 billion in investments; total investments stand at S$1,395 billion up by 5.5% from S$1,323 billion as at end of 2021.
  • Singaporean companies investing overseas boost their revenue, profits, value-added, and employment at home, benefiting both new and established international investors. Singapore's Direct Investment Abroad (DIA) involves a Singapore entity owning at least 10% of the voting power in a foreign enterprise. This is vital for diversifying the Singaporean economy by investing in sectors like finance, insurance, manufacturing, retail, and real estate. This strategy allows Singaporean companies to explore new markets, strengthen their presence, and tap into global demand, fostering economic diversification and growth.
  • Finance & Insurance, Manufacturing, and Wholesale & Retail Trade were the top 3 industries abroad for Singapore’s investment as at end of 2022, accounting for 76% of total DIA.
  • Singapore's sovereign wealth fund, GIC, one of the largest investors globally, remains steadfast in its investment strategy in China despite geopolitical tensions. This decision follows its best performance in eight years, recorded in the financial year ending March 2023.
    • Since 2016, GIC has grown its infrastructure portfolio by fivefold, consistently earmarking between US$10 billion (S$13.3 billion) and US$20 billion (S$26.6 billion) each year for fresh commitments. These investments are spread out across six continents, showcasing a high level of diversification.
    • GIC is enhancing its focus on sustainability by creating specialised teams across different asset classes. This effort includes establishing a private equity group dedicated to early-stage energy transition opportunities and a fixed income and multi-asset department aimed at decarbonisation and promoting sustainable practices.

Singapore's Inbound Investment in Australia

Key Highlights

  • Investment Value: Investment activity between Singapore and Australia experienced significant fluctuations from 2014 to 2024, reaching its peak in 2016 with A$21.2 billion. This peak was primarily driven by the acquisition of Pacific National Holdings Pty Ltd for A$12.8 billion and Asciano Holdings (Containers) Pty Ltd for A$2.9 billion.
  • Number of Deals: The frequency of deals between Singapore and Australia varied greatly from 2014 to 2024, peaking at 62 deals in both 2015 and 2017 but significantly declining in recent years. The number of deals saw a slight uptick during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 before sharply dropping in 2022, 2023 and 2024 largely due to broader economic challenges including inflation and higher funding costs.
  • Investment Rank: As of 2023, Singapore is Australia's largest two-way trading partner and investor in Southeast Asia and sixth largest source of foreign direct investment with substantial amount of investment (A$141 billion).
  • Australia-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement: Australia is Singapore's fourth largest trading partner for exports, with digital technologies poised to enhance trade efficiencies and access. By 2030, digital trade could reach A$216.2 billion for Australia and A$95.6 billion for Singapore, increasing economic value by 60% and 70% respectively. Domestic standards bodies are developing safeguards for digital technologies, but there is a risk of creating trade barriers. Collaboration on standards for AI, distributed ledger technology (DLT), and smart cities is essential to ensure seamless cross-border trade.
Centered Donut Chart

Singapore inbound snapshot

505

Closed deals (2014-24)

6th

Foreign investment ranking (2023)

38%

Investment in Real Estate

2nd

FIRB approval ranking (2023)

Major Deals by Sectors

Real Estate

Real Estate sector recently completed deals

There were 193 inbound investments from Singapore in the sector in the last decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

GIC Pte Ltd

Keppel Education Asset Fund

Sun Venture Investments Pte Ltd

Ascott Residence Trust

City Developments Limited

Sim Lian Group Limited

CapitaLand Commercial Trust Management Limited

GIC Pte. Ltd. and ESR Cayman Limited

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Retail & Consumer

Retail & Consumer sector completed deals

In the Retail & Consumer sector in Australia, there were 91 M&A deals with investment from Singapore in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

Fragrance Group Limited

Inkwood Pte. Ltd

Invictus Development

Well Smart Group

High Street Holdings

Wilmar International

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Energy, Utilities & Resources

EUR sector completed deals

In the Energy, Utilities and Resources sector (EUR) sector in Australia, there were 70 inbound investments from Singapore in multiple subsectors in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

Greta Minerals PTE Ltd

SQREEM Technologies

United Tractors

RATCH

Singapore’s sovereign wealth fund GIC

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Tech, Media & Telecom

TMT sector completed deals

In the TMT sector in Australia, there were 58 M&A deals with investments from Singapore in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

Ensign Infosecurity Pte Ltd.

An investor group, including DRW Venture Capital LLC

Jungle Ventures

SQREEM Technologies

Australian NFT startup

SIS India

Fuji Xerox Asia Pacific

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Industrial

Industrial sector completed deals

In the Industrial sector in Australia, there were 55 inbound investments from Singapore in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

Temasek Holdings (Pte) Ltd

Jebsen & Jessen Pte Ltd

Softbank Robotics Singapore Pte. Ltd.

Singapore Post Ltd

Singapore Post Ltd

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Healthcare

Healthcare sector completed deals

In the Healthcare sector in Australia, there were 25 M&A deals with investments from Singapore in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

Singapore-based TW Pengu Holdings Ltd

SPRIM Global Investments Pte. Ltd.

Antler Innovation Pte Ltd

Sequoia Capital and Singapore's sovereign fund GIC

EAB Holdings Pte Ltd

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Financials

Financials sector completed deals​

In the Financials sector in Australia, there were 17 M&A deals with investments from Singapore in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

ComfortDelGro Corp Ltd

Crypto.com

Crypto.com

Sequoia Capital Southeast Asia

An investor group

Sequoia Capital and Singapore's sovereign fund GIC

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Key Investment Sectors

Real Estate Sector

  • Over the past decade, Australia's real estate sector saw 193 deals worth A$35.9 billion, accounting for 38% of total investments. Deal volumes peaked at 29 in 2015, then gradually decreased until 2018, experiencing surges in 2019 and 2020, before dropping significantly in 2022, 2023 and 2024 indicating volatile market activity.
  • Singapore is the fourth largest investor in Australian real estate. Investors are actively acquiring properties to build their presence and expand their portfolios in Australia.
  • Singapore's real estate investments in Australia have been significantly propelled by its sovereign wealth fund, GIC. Some of the recent investments includes A$202 million acquisition of the West Village Shopping Centre and a partnership with Region Group to invest in convenience retail shopping centers.

Retail & Consumer Sector

  • In the past decade, Singapore’s investment in the sector peaked in 2014, 2017, and 2023. In those years, deals totaled A$2.2 billion, A$1.8 billion, and A$1 billion, respectively. From 2019 to 2021, deal values declined, hitting a low of A$32.0 million in 2021.
  • Investors are attracted to the resilience of premium brands, strategic interests in expanding their portfolios and capitalising on regional growth opportunities.
  • The tougher economic environment led to a 70% rise in insolvencies in retail sector in Australia from FY22 to FY23, with this trend likely continuing into FY24. However, this distress also presents investment opportunities, especially in fashion brands like Tigerlily, Sukin, Kookaï, and Vine Apparel.

Key Enablers and Linkages

Trade Relations

As of 2022, Singapore ranks as Australia's 7th largest export partner, with trade valued at US$14.7 billion, and the 9th largest import partner, totaling US$8.1 billion. The main exported product from Singapore to Australia is refined petroleum products, amounting to US$10.4 billion. Over the past 27 years, Singapore's exports to Australia have grown annually by 7.6%, rising from $2 billion in 1995 to the current level.

The Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA)

SAFTA came into effect on July 28, 2003, strengthening economic ties by eliminating tariffs and improving market access for Australian services. It offers enhanced financial services, easier conditions for law firms, extended business entry periods, and support for paperless trading. SAFTA has been amended multiple times since its inception.

Comprehensive Strategic Partnership

Established in 2015, the Australia-Singapore Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) strengthens bilateral ties in economics, defense, foreign affairs, science, innovation, and the digital economy. It seeks to create a Closer Economic Relationship (CER) by removing regulatory barriers and fostering a business-friendly environment to boost trade and investment. The partnership is set to deepen further with the next iteration from 2025 to 2035.

Southeast Asia Investment Financing Facility (SEAIFF)

The Australian government is set to launch the AU$2 billion Southeast Asia Investment Financing Facility (SEAIFF) to promote green energy and infrastructure investments and strengthen trade relations with Southeast Asia. SEAIFF will offer loans, guarantees, equity, and insurance to support Australian trade and investment in clean energy and infrastructure projects in the region.

Potential Headwinds and Tailwinds

Tailwinds

Policies like the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA), Green Economy Agreement, Digital Economy Agreement, Comprehensive Strategic Partnership encourage Singaporean businesses to engage more with Australia's economy. The government's A$15.7 million investment initiative and 30-day dual speed investment process demonstrate a strong commitment to boosting this engagement.

In 2023, Singaporean investors invested around US$8.3 billion in Asia Pacific real estate, exceeding the US$7.3 billion from US investors. This significant investment, along with a 156% rise in Australian PPI1 over the 25 years period as compared to Singapore's 100%, indicates a positive investment trend. In April 2023, the Australian government halved the withholding tax rate on MIT2 for new residential BTR3 projects completed after July 1, 2024, from 30% to 15%.

In 2023, Australia attracted A$140.8 billion in FDI from Singapore, making it the 6th largest source of FDI, with a CAGR of 7.2% from 2019 to 2023, just behind Canada, which saw the highest growth at 11.6%. Additionally, untapped sectors like MedTech, projected to contribute A$18 billion to Australia's GDP by 2025 with a 390% ROI, present enticing opportunities for foreign investors.

Australia’s appetite for foreign investment has been incremental over the last few years, as the country’s capital raised in clean energy sector increased from US$63.64bn in 2018 to $266.32bn globally in 2023.

Headwinds

Singapore's preference for investment in China, Netherlands, the UK, and India over Australia is driven by the larger market size, strategic partnerships, improved regulatory environment, sectoral alignment, and geopolitical considerations. In FY22, Mainland China emerged as the leading investment destination for Singaporean companies accounting for S$216 billion, followed by Netherlands, UK and India.

Australian government has applied a greater scrutiny to foreign investments into sensitive sectors, including infrastructure, critical minerals, critical technology, for instance, aggregate foreign ownership of Telstra is limited to 35%. The ACCC's 2024 proposal to transition from a voluntary to a mandatory pre-notification system for mergers, effective from January 1, 2026, aims to strengthen competition oversight by requiring all mergers exceeding specific thresholds to be pre-notified to the ACCC.

Australia's economic growth is stagnating, with a projected growth of 2.2% annually for the next 40 years, down from 3.1%. Limited investment in R&D, at 1.6% of GDP v/s OECD's 2.7% average, along with high tax rates, has decreased Australia's appeal to investors over the last 20 years. Likewise, Singapore’s economic trajectory to 2040 is anticipated to be steady, projecting a 1.4% RGDP by 2040.

Australia faces an infrastructure deficit, where the demand for public infrastructure outpaces the supply.  There must be a greater level of adequate infrastructure to support population growth and economic growth.

2024 GDSC

Singapore and Australia have partnered to create the Green and Digital Shipping Corridor (GDSC) to develop zero-emission fuel supply chains and improve digital information exchange for maritime operations, supporting greener practices and efficient port and vessel management.

 2023 Data Protection

The MOU between Australia and Singapore's Personal Data Protection Commission aims to enhance cooperation in personal data protection by sharing information, best practices, and regulatory approaches to ensure data privacy and security in both countries.

2022 AI-ECTA

Australia and Singapore have announced a joint initiative to accelerate the development and deployment of low-emissions technologies, particularly in maritime and port operations. This collaboration aims to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainability in these sectors, marking a significant step towards a greener future.

2022 FinTech Bridge Agreement

Australia and Singapore have established a FinTech Bridge to enhance collaboration in the FinTech sector, aiming to foster cooperation on policy, regulation, and cross-border growth, leveraging their positions as global leaders in FinTech.

2022 Green Economy Agreement (GEA)

The Singapore-Australia GEA, signed on October 18, 2022, aims to boost economic growth while reducing emissions by integrating trade, economic, and climate goals. It focuses on decarbonising industries, promoting sustainable finance, and enhancing environmental goods and services trade.

2022 SADEA

The Singapore-Australia Digital Economy Agreement (SADEA) enhances digital trade between the two nations, building on their existing Free Trade Agreement. It includes seven MOUs to facilitate digital trade, align standards, support data flows, and promote cooperation in emerging digital fields. This fosters a more interconnected and secure digital ecosystem.

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