Bridging Continents: Inbound Investment from India to Australia

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  • Report
  • 10 minute read
  • February 01, 2025

Over the past decade, the economic relationship between India and Australia has evolved, marked by a consistent influx of Indian investments into Australia. This investment journey highlights the strengthening bilateral ties and shared economic interests between the two nations. Indian investments have been a significant driving force behind growth and innovation in various sectors in Australia, particularly in technology, industrial, retail and consumer, and healthcare.

 

As India undergoes rapid economic and strategic growth, coupled with a notable increase in government-to-government and business-to-business activities, the scope of its investment relationship with Australia is poised to expand further. This report delves into the diverse nature of these investments, highlighting their impact on various sectors of the Australian economy and their crucial role in fostering growth and innovation.

 

India's Outbound Investment by Destination

  • In FY24, Singapore emerged as the leading destination for Indian companies accounting for US$ 4.8 billion of the total overseas investments. This was followed by the UAE with US$ 3.4 billion investments and Netherlands with US$ 3.0 billion investments. Australia, however, ranked 22nd with only US$0.1 billion in investments.
  • Indian companies mainly invest internationally through mergers and acquisitions (M&A). These investments boost the performance of India's service and manufacturing sectors and are vital in tackling rising unemployment. Increased M&A activity allows companies to access new markets and advanced technologies, broadening their global customer reach.
  • India's outbound investments have significantly changed over the past decade, both in terms of scale and the countries and sectors they target. Initially, investments were slow but grew in the latter half of the decade. The shift in Overseas Investment Destination (OID) is notable, with the first-half focusing on resource-rich countries like Australia, UAE, and Sudan, and the latter half targeting nations with better tax incentives, such as Mauritius, Singapore, the British Virgin Islands, and the Netherlands.
  • Overseas investment by Indian companies is expected to increase, backed by stable market conditions and the considerable impact of the investment on local economies. The government has eased restrictions on overseas investments, including removing caps on funding and introducing new guidelines to facilitate foreign investment by Indian retail investors. These initiatives aim to boost international collaborations and enhance India's global presence.

Source(s): RBI, Department of Economic Affairs, India Brand Equity Foundation, Press Release

India's Inbound Investment in Australia

Key Highlights

  • Investment Value: India's investment in Australia through M&A has shown significant variation over the last decade, ranging from a low of A$18 million in 2017 to a peak of A$333 million in 2015. In 2015, the peak was fueled by the A$265 million acquisition of Arrow Pharmaceuticals by Strides Arcolab. Other significant investment peaks in 2020 and 2021 were largely driven by major deals including HCL's acquisition of DWS Ltd for A$182.8 million and Wipro's purchase of Ampion for A$153.7 million.
  • Number of Deals: There were 63 closed inbound M&A transactions in the past decade. The frequency of deals between India and Australia has fluctuated over the years, with notable peaks in 2018, 2020, and 2021, and a significant drop observed in 2016. This indicates varying levels of outbound investments from India to Australia, with 2021 and 2023 standing out as particularly active years.
  • Investment Rank: As of the end of 2023, India holds the 15th position among foreign investors in Australia, indicating that while Indian investment in Australia is active, it does not occupy the top spot among foreign investors.
  • TMT Sector: With 22 deals and a total deal value of A$408 million, the sector is the most heavily invested in, suggesting a strong interest in technology, media, and telecommunications opportunities in Australia. This could be due to Australia's robust digital economy and the potential for growth in these areas.

India inbound snapshot

63

Closed deals (2014-24)

15th

Foreign investment ranking (2023)

35%

Investment in TMT

Major Deals by Sectors

Tech, Media & Telecom

TMT sector completed deals

In the Technology, Media, and Telecommunications (TMT) sector in Australia, there were 21 inbound investments from India in the past decade, and the most recent significant transactions were from the Technology sector.

Planetcast

MPS Interactive Systems Limited (MPSi)

upGrad

Black Box Limited

Wipro Limited

Infosys Limited

Tech Mahindra Limited

HCL Technologies Limited

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Industrial

Industrial sector completed deals

In the Industrials sector in Australia, there were 20 M&A deals with Indian investment in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

India's Sonalika Group

Samvardhana Motherson International Ltd

Thejo Engineering

Himadri Speciality Chemical

SIS India

Symphony Limited

Diversify Offshore Staffing Solutions

Cyient

Elgi Equipments Limited (ELGi)

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Retail & Consumer

Retail & Consumer sector completed deals

In the Retail & Consumer sector in Australia, there were 9 M&A deals with Indian investment in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.​

Peak XV Partners

Forbidden Foods Pvt Ltd

Uma Exports Limited

Cashify

Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited

Pharmazell (India) Pvt Ltd of India

Tara Jewels Ltd of India

Thomas Cook (India)

Tata Global Beverages Limited

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Financials

Financials sector completed deals

In the Financials sector in Australia, there were 3 M&A deals with Indian investment in the past decade. 

An investor group, comprised of Peak XV Partners

CRISIL

Puravankara and Provident Housing Limited

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Healthcare

Healthcare sector completed deals

In the Healthcare sector in Australia, there were 7 M&A deals with Indian investment in the past decade. Some of the most significant transactions have been included below.

Proto Axiom Pty Ltd

Medicamen Biotech Limited

Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd

Strides Arcolab Limited

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Energy, Utilities & Resources

EUR sector completed deals

In the Energy, Utilities and Resources sector (EUR) sector in Australia, there were 2 inbound investments from India in the Renewables and Coal sub-sector in the past decade.

Epic Energy Limited

International Coal Ventures Private Limited

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Key Investment Sectors

TMT Sector

  • Over the past decade, the TMT sector saw 22 M&A deals, accounting for 35% of total investments, with the years 2020 and 2021 witnessing significant deals including HCL's A$182.8 million acquisition of DWS Ltd and Wipro's A$153.7 million purchase of Ampion.
  • The India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA), effective from 29 December 2022, exempts payments or credits to offshore Indian companies from Australian customers for technical services from tax in Australia, preventing double taxation from 2023-24, potentially saving up to A$200 million annually.
  • Major Indian tech firms including Infosys, Wipro, HCL, and Tech Mahindra have made significant investments in Australia to bolster their digital capabilities and broaden their market reach in the APAC region.

Industrials Sector

  • In the past decade, the Industrials sector made 20 deals worth A$396.4 million, representing 32% of overall deals, highlighting a substantial focus of Indian investment on manufacturing sector. This trend may be attributed to Australia's robust manufacturing sector and the potential for partnerships.
  • Investments in Australia's manufacturing sector have been bolstered by advanced manufacturing capabilities, a skilled workforce, plentiful natural resources for local raw materials, and government initiatives including the latest A$15 billion National Reconstruction Fund, aiming to propel the Australian industry up the value chain.
  • Major investments made by Indian investors in Industrials sector are to expand their presence and enhance their sales and service offerings in Australia.

Key Enablers and Linkages

Trade Relations

India's economic relationship with Australia has expanded significantly, with Australia being India’s 10th largest export partner, valued at US$7 billion, and the 13th largest import partner, with imports worth US$13.8 billion as of FY24 (Apr - Jan). Refined Petroleum Products, valued at US$3.6 billion, stand out as the primary export from India to Australia.

India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA)

On Dec 29, 2022, the ECTA, came into effect, aiming to boost bilateral trade in goods and services to cross US$70.0 billion in the next five years from the existing US$31.0 billion. After its implementation, India's exports to Australia increased by 14.0% YoY to US$5.9 billion between Apr and Nov 2023, while imports declined by 19.0% YoY to US$11.46 billion during the same period.

MoU between Khanji Bidesh India Ltd (KABIL) and Critical Minerals Facilitation Office (CMFO)

In Mar 10, 2022, a MoU was signed between the Australia's CMFO and KABIL, a joint venture company formed by the Indian Ministry of Mines. This agreement aims to conduct joint due diligence on selected greenfield and brownfield projects, identifying lithium and cobalt mineral assets, and acquiring the assets jointly in Australia.

RISE Accelerator

The RISE Accelerator program, a collaborative effort by AIM-NITI Aayog and CSIRO, is designed to bolster and grow innovative startups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with aspirations to broaden their presence in both the Indian and Australian markets. This nine-month initiative provides financial support up to A$75,000 in the form of non-equity grants to eligible participants.

 

Potential Headwinds and Tailwinds

Headwinds

India's cautious approach towards the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), which includes Australia, the United States, and Japan, has sometimes caused friction. While Australia sees the Quad as a vital platform for regional security cooperation, India has expressed concerns about being drawn into a containment strategy against China and emphasises its strategic autonomy.

The ACCC's 2024 proposal to transition from a voluntary to a mandatory pre-notification system for mergers, effective from January 1, 2026, aims to strengthen competition oversight by requiring all mergers exceeding specific thresholds to be pre-notified to the ACCC. This change makes the ACCC the main authority for reviewing and potentially blocking mergers that could be anti-competitive, potentially reducing deal volumes due to increased regulatory scrutiny.

Australia's economic growth is stagnating, with a projected growth of 2.2% annually for the next 40 years, down from 3.1% in the past 40 years. Limited investment in R&D, at 1.68% of GDP compared to OECD's 2.7% average, along with high tax rates, has decreased Australia's appeal to investors over the last 20 years.

Australia's labor regulations present challenges for Indian investments, especially in sectors like mining, due to regulatory complexities and unpredictability, including dealing with state enterprises. The need for local partnerships and long-term commitments further complicates investment in Australia.

Tailwinds

Policies such as the A$15 billion National Reconstruction Fund, the Australia-India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA), the Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA), as well as strategic partnerships like the Australia-India Strategic Partnership Agreement (SIPA), and other supportive measures, collectively encourage Indian businesses to increase their investments in Australia's economy. 

Australia's rich resources and commitment to renewable energy are attracting Indian investments, particularly in the energy sector. Reliance Industries, a major Indian company, is planning to invest in green hydrogen projects in Western Australia. Suzlon Group, which began operations in Australia in 2004, has established a strong presence in the wind energy market, holding about 17% of the market share with a total capacity of 764 MW and an annual turnover of A$2 billion.

The governments of Australia and India are increasing their financial support for researchers working together on cutting-edge research.

  • The Australia-India Strategic Research Fund, established in 2006, has provided about A$100 million for over 350 collaborative research projects and fellowships between Australia and India. From 2025, the Australian Government will contribute A$4 million annually to maintain this fund.

The Indian diaspora in Australia has seen a significant increase, with the population doubling from 2011 to 2021. This growth is expected to boost Indian investment in Australia by enhancing business connections, fostering cultural understanding, and providing insights into local market trends, thereby encouraging more investment between the two countries.

2024 Space Collaboration

India and Australia have signed an MoU to enhance cooperation in the space industry, focusing on areas like space debris management and satellite technology advancements. This partnership, led by SIA-India and SIAA, aims to promote resilience and inclusivity in regional space exploration.

 2024 AICCTP

The Australian-India Cyber and Critical Technology Partnership (AICCTP), established in 2020 with a A$12.7 million fund over four years, aims to boost collaboration on cyber and technology issues. The 2023-24 grant (Round 4) will support a collaborative model where Australian and Indian stakeholders combine knowledge and resources to advance and protect collective interests in cyberspace and critical technology.

2023 Telecommunications MOU

The Australian Government and India have signed a telecommunications MOU, enhancing cooperation in the sector. It covers services, policy exchange, technology improvements, spectrum management, standards, mutual recognition, and knowledge sharing.

2023 Education agreement

The Letter of Arrangement between India and Australia, signed on March 2, 2023, is part of the (ECTA) and aims to aims to enhance the mobility of students and professionals by facilitating the mutual recognition of qualifications across various sectors, including higher education, research, employment, and skill education.

2023 MATES

MATES is a program enabling the exchange of skilled early-career professionals between India and Australia, fostering collaboration, knowledge sharing, and project contributions in both countries.

2022 AI-ECTA

The Australia-India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (AI-CECA) is a free trade agreement aimed at reducing tariffs on a wide range of goods between Australia and India, to enhance trade and investment opportunities.

2020 Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP)

Australia and India elevated their bilateral relationship with a 'Strategic Partnership' in 2009 to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) in 2020. This progression signifies a deepening and expansion of the strategic alliance, as both nations seek to strengthen cooperation across diverse sectors.

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